александр стихин

Японский МИД рассекретил материалы событий 1970-80-х годов, в том числе касающиеся южнокорейского пассажирского лайнера, вторгшегося в закрытое воздушное пространство СССР и сбитого советским перехватчиком.

H-Diplo
Archive Report
No. 1
Published on 16 October 2015

H-Diplo Archive Report Editor: Diane Labrosse
Web and Production Editor: George Fujii

“Accessing the Diplomatic and Military Archives in Japan.”

Report by Mayumi Fukushima, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Introduction

As a former Japanese Foreign Service officer, I did not imagine how hard it would be for outside researchers to identify and find archival documents relevant to their research questions. It was not until I searched the Japanese diplomatic archives myself as an academic that I learned the challenges foreign researchers faced in accessing governmental documents. Unfortunately, Japan is much less advanced in terms of the disclosure of governmental documents than the United States and Britain, and in addition to this, Japan’s archival system does not seem to assume that those who do not speak or read Japanese fluently might also use those documents. An increasing number of such non-Japanese researchers, however, are interested in Japanese foreign and security policies and try to understand potential security consequences of the rise of China in East Asia. Some progress seems to have been made, albeit slowly, in the last two decades, making it easier for researchers to find or request archival documents. This essay is thus an attempt to provide information on the current status of Japan’s archival system and some tips to help both Japanese and non-Japanese researchers access government archives with less difficulty than before.

Until 2009, Japan had no government-wide rules about how to file and manage governmental documents. Ministries and agencies had long kept their own documents individually and based on their respective self-imposed guidelines, while some, but not all of them, had transferred their files to the National Archives of Japan, which was established in 1971 to better preserve documents of historical value. As a result, Kokuritsu Kōbunshokan [the National Archives of Japan] should not be assumed to be an equivalent of the U.S. National Archives. In fact, most of the diplomatic and military archives are, and will continue to be, kept by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) and the Ministry of Defense (MOD) respectively. The collection of about 1.3 million volumes preserved at the National Archives of Japan is thus largely unrelated to diplomatic and military affairs.

The following is a brief introduction of several different ways of finding diplomatic and military archives in Japan.

In the materials which were declassified by the Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs concerning a number of events of 70th and 80th of last century and it is told about secret negotiations between the authorities of Japan and the USA concerning the the South Korean airliner which was shoot down by USSR on September 1, 1983.

Officially Washington declared that Moscow destroyed South Korean Boeing consciously. However in two months after the tragedy the senior representative of administration of the USA reported to the Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs that the Soviet Union shot down the plane by mistake, because it was muddle with the American plane.

Европейский союз намерен провести переговоры с такими странами Латинской Америки, как Бразилия и Чили, в попытке отговорить их от замещения экспорта в Россию сельхозпродукции из стран ЕС, запрет на которую Москва ввела с прошлой недели.

Намерение латиноамериканских стран повысить экспорт в РФ за счет введенных ограничений на ввоз товаров из США и ЕС вызвало беспокойство Брюсселя, пишет Financial Times.

CELAYA, Mexico — Mexico is on track to become the United States’ No. 1 source of imported cars by the end of next year, overtaking Japan and Canada in a manufacturing boom that’s turning the auto industry into a bigger source of dollars than money sent home by migrants.

The boom is raising hopes that Mexico can create enough new jobs to pull millions out of poverty as northbound migration slows sharply, but critics caution that most of the new car jobs are low-skill and pay too little. Mexico’s low and stagnant wages have kept the poverty rate between 40 and 50 percent since the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement two decades ago.

“It’s a safe bet,” said Eduardo Solis, president of the Mexican Automotive Industry Association. “Mexico is now one of the major global players in car manufacturing.”

When NAFTA was signed two decades ago, Mexico produced 6 percent of the cars built in North America. It now provides 19 percent. Total Mexican car production has risen 39 percent from 2007, to nearly 3 million cars a year. The total value of Mexico’s car exports surged from $40 billion to $70.6 billion over that span.